Reverse Engineering to Design an Ergonomic Bio Briquette Packaging Machine
Abstract
Briquettes are solids that are produced through the process of compression and pressure application and if burned will produce a small amount of smoke. Briquette production is carried out using a hammer mill where the raw material for briquettes is charcoal which is then crushed into charcoal granules. The packaging process is still done manually using a shovel to fill the 50kg sack and then take it to the sewing machine. The worker's posture when using a shovel has a Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score of 12 so it has a high work risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and requires immediate improvement. The working environment at the company produces pollutants, meaning that there is no capture container for the fall of charcoal grains from the hammer mill. Based on the existing problems, a redesign of the existing machine is needed. The proposed machine was designed using the Reverse Engineering method because the existing condition already uses the machine then the existing machine is decomposed to find out the components and functions of the existing machine to find alternative concepts. The ergonomic approach uses REBA and LBA to determine changes in worker posture and the forces acting in the human spine. The DEM approach was chosen to find out if the charcoal grains dropped from the hammer mill were successfully captured and to find out the flow of the charcoal grains. The results of the proposed machine design have a good impact on workers in the packaging process.
References
[2] M. Andriani and Subhan, “Perancangan Peralatan Secara Ergonomi Untuk Meminimalkan Kelelahan Di Pabrik Kerupuk,” Prosiding Semnastek, pp. 1–10, 2016.
[3] D. Arinanto, “Arang Briket Indonesia Primadona Di Pasar Timur Tengah,” Jakarta, Aug. 2020.
[4] Arni, H. M. Labania, and A. Nismayanti, “Studi Uji Karateristik Fisis Briket Bioarang Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif,” Online Jurnal of Natural Science, vol. 3, pp. 89–98. 2014.
[5] R. S. Bridger, Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics, 4th ed. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
[6] K. N. Dewantoro and H. Prastawa, “Perancangan Alat Bantu WC Duduk Untuk Aktifitas Buang Air Besar Menggunakan Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD),” Industrial Engineering Online Journal, vol. 8, no. 2. 2019.
[7] L. N. Hakim, “Urgensi Revisi Undang-Undang Tentang Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia,” Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Sosial, vol. 11, pp. 43–55, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.22212/aspirasi.v11i1.1589.
[8] P. Hambir, N. Joshi, P. Karande, and A. Kolhe, “Automatic Weighing and Packaging Machine,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 2129–2138, 2019, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25518.87361.
[9] I. P. Heni, A. Kusnayat, and M. Rahayu, “Perbaikan Rancangan Material Handling Equipment Yang Ergonomis Menggunakan Pendekatan Ergonomic Function Deployment Pada PT XYZ,” Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem & Industri, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 16–20, 2016.
[10] S. Hignett and L. Mcatamney, “Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA),” Appl Ergon, vol. 31, pp. 201–205, 2000.
[11] N. Jiménez-Herrera, G. K. P. Barrios, and L. M. Tavares, “Comparison Of Breakage Models In DEM In Simulating Impact On Particle Beds,” Advanced Powder Technology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 692–70, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.12.006.
[12] N. Y. L. Lee and P. N. Johnson-Laird, “A Theory Of Reverse Engineering And Its Application To Boolean Systems,” Journal of Cognitive Psychology, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 365–389, 2013, doi: 10.1080/20445911.2013.782033.
[13] E. Muslim, B. Nurtjahyo, and dan Romadhani Ardi, “Analisis Ergonomi Industri Garmen Dengan Posture Evaluation Index Pada Virtual Environment,” Makara Journal of Technology, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 75–81, 2011.
[14] OSHA, “Ergonomics: The Study of Work,” 2000. [Online]. Available: www.bls.gov.
[15] K. N. Otto and K. L. Wood, “Product Evolution: A Reverse Engineering and Redesign Methodology,” Res Eng Des, vol. 10, pp. 226–243, 1998.
[16] P. J. Owen and P. W. Cleary, “Prediction Of Screw Conveyor Performance Using The Discrete Element Method (DEM),” Powder Technol, vol. 193, no. 3, pp. 274–288, Aug. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.03.012.
[17] S. P. Pardede and Efendi, “Perencanaan Mesin Pengemasan Jenis Continous Band Sealer Type Horizontal,” Jurnal Teknologi Mesin Uda, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 40–46, 2020.
[18] A. Pramono, H. Arizal, and I. M. Arsana, “Perancangan Mesin Packing Pipa Baja Otomatis Di PT Steel Pipe Industry Of Indonesia, Tbk,” Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 78–86, 2022.
[19] Rasma and B. Setiawan, “Perancangan Mesin Packing Tusuk Gigi Kapasitas 1,4 Kg Per Jam Berbasis PLC,” Seminar Nasional Penelitian LPPM UMJ, vol. 2020, pp. 1–10, Oct. 2020, [Online]. Available: http://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnaslit
[20] G. T. Sato and N. S. Hartanto, Menggambar Mesin Menurut Standar ISO. 1981.
[21] I. Z. Sutalaksana, R. Anggawisastra, and J. H. Tjakraatmadja, Teknik Perancangan Sistem Kerja, 2nd ed. ITB Press, 2006.
[22] R. C. M. Teixeira et al., “Analysis Of The Reduction Of Ergonomic Risks Through The Implementation Of An Automatic Tape Packaging Machine,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 19, no. 22, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph192215193.
[23] K. T. Ulrich and S. D. Eppinger, Product Design And Development. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2012.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
